Activities of American secret services made it possible to assume that a source of rough diamonds for the Third Reich war industry might be De Beers Company. This somewhat confirmed strange unwillingness by Ernst Oppengamer to take De Beers stocks to the USA. In such case their accurate composition and volume would become known to not exclusively a circle of selected Corporation officers, but a question in what way Germany in 30s had become a large exporter of diamond tools no longer arose. Upon receipt of "Belgian file" the US Ministry of Justice intiated legal prosecution against De Beers. However, in 1945 the case was closed up with no further actions saving closure of De Beers accounts with American banks.
This was not the only case of such nature tried by American Themis. US secret services collected impressive files containing data on Standard Oil, a largest world oil company. Details contained in the files were impressive: German crews at Standard Oil tankers, terminal stations on Canaries where oil was pumped to German tankers, fueling of German submarines at specially built island bases, direct deliveries of collastic to Germany both prior to and after Pearl Harbor, transfer of technologies to Nazi for synfuel production, financial ties IG Farbenindustry Concern, a leader in the Nazi Defense Industry, supplies of oil products to Germany via Spain and North Africa. Only through Franco Nazi monthly obtained 48 thousand tons of Texas oil! And this happened in 1944!
As a result of senate and judicial investigations Standard Oil was “deservedly” punished for collaboration with Hitler – a penalty amounting to fifty thousand (50,000) US dollars and forfeiture of patents obtained from IG Farbenindustry to the State.
Facts of collaboration of largest transnational corporations with Nazi during World War II have always been an open secret. The scope of this process has been so significant and the number of people involved in it was so great that it was absolutely impossible to keep this deplorable event under wraps or consign in oblivion. Facts of delivery of strategic goods (and financial support of such bargains) by Anglo-American corporations to the Third Reich are numerous and reliable, they are described in hundreds of articles and monographs similar to that by Charles Highham in his Trading With The Enemy: An Expose of The Nazi-American Money Plot 1933-1949, New York, 1983).
What is the reason of this historical paradox obviously inconsistent with sense of morality, patriotism and national interests? During almost all the second half of ÕÕ century the majority of researchers persisted answering quite categorically: superprofit was the reason. Indeed, the Third Reich was in a position from time to time to pay great sums for services of suppliers of strategic goods. Despite the fact that by 1936 Germany’s gold and foreign exchange reserves almost zeroised and in starting from 1939 Germans rapidly lost markets of their principal export (industrial facilities, machinery, chemical products, armament), occupation of European countries starting from Anschluss , made it possible for Hitler to operate with skim gold and other convertible values. One cannot say that such opportunity has not been assisted by British government structures. In November 1938 the Government of Czechoslovakia soundly expecting approaching occupation of the country by Germans transported its gold reserve stock (around 80 tons of precious metal ) to Bank of England valts. In March, 1939 having completely occupied Czechoslovakia Hitler demanded to bring this gold back. Montague Normann, Manager of the Bank of England and John Simon, Minister of Finance agreed to fair to do it. A similar strange story happened with 200 tons of Belgian gold also being returned to the Reich from African colonies where Belgian Government had managed to conceal it shortly before occupation of the country. Belgian Government itself (and secret information on situs address of Belgian gold reserve stock) at that time stayed in exile in London. When occupying Belgium Nazi in Antwerp captured smart quantity of jewelry-quality diamonds. These precious goods have been used by no means for technical purposes. Through large diamond dealers they were sold in the USA, USD accounts were opened in third countries via which deliveries of strategic raw materials were paid, including ballas. For similar settlements there was also used convertible Swiss francs which Germany obtained by placing skim gold (including that from Holocaust victims) with banks of Gnomes of Zurich.
In such a way the Third Reich had enough to pay for millions ballas carats for its defence industry. Some sources state that De Beers has effected deliveries to Germany at the price of $26 per carat - 30 times (!) higher as compared to deliveries for the USA. If this quadrates to facts one may agree with the assertion that De Beers has made an invaluable contribution to Hitler regime collapse (by destroying it in the roots), and simultaneously pompously proving a Marxist thesis asserting that 300% -profit capital is available to commit any crime.
At the same time such triumph of dialectics leaves space for doubts whether super-profits have been the main and only reason of collaboration by Anglo-American corporations with Germany. Indeed, it is difficult to write off ethnic background, for instance, of owners of Standard Oil and De Beers. If Henry Ford, the author of "International Jewry” could, to some extent, be solidary with the author of "Main Kampf" in respect of "Jewish Issue", from Rockerfellers and Oppengamers this is difficult to expect. How could world-level businessmen assimilate with a person selling live ammunition to a gangster putting a pistol against his head only because such gangster is available to pay very dearly?
One should also account the fact that during the War both in USA and Great Britain extremely harsh laws were passed to punish not only for economic cooperation directly with Axis countries, but also with companies of neutral states suspected in such cooperation. These laws have been well supported financially and organizationally, and preventive services have been quite capable to obtain respective information (which is proved by diamond "Belgian file"). Could super-profits justify for corporations risk of confrontation with state institutions in war conditions?
Lastly, super-profits somewhat suit to be a reason of collaboration with the Third Reich during that period when it swelled up with occupied territories and skim values. But how one can explain supplies of strategic materials in 1943 and a fortiori in 1944? By that time Germany not only depleted its reserves, but even its military elite did not crate illusions that its defeat was a matter of time?
Anglo-American corporations which virtually during the whole war period collaborated with the Third Reich should have been sure that: 1) Germany war victory and hence global implementation of national socialism ideological ideas were impossible, 2) no repressions from the part of state institutions for collaboration with the enemy would follow notwithstanding that facts themselves become known, 3) The Third Reich should have an opportunity to carry out war actions until a strictly defined date. What could secure such certitude?
In 2005 in London there was published an impressive book by economist Guido Preparata "Conjuring Hitler. How Britain and America made the Third Reich" London, 2005. Basing on the analysis of numerous documents, including those from archives of the Bank of England, the author was convincing to prove that Anglo-American assistance to the Third Reich , including both direct investments and "illegal" deliveries “not because of cynical desire to earn” , but for future reconstruction of Europe, Germany in the first place, under the aegis of up-market Anglo-American clubs uniting owners and tom managers of largest transnational corporations , as well as attack echelon of political figures servicing corporate interests. This book to a certain degree id developing and adding to works by Anthony Sutton, professor of Standford university “Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler”, “Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution”, “The Diamond Connection”, “America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones” and a number of others published in the 70s – 90s of the last century.
Works of this nature (which currently are becoming more numerous) in relation to the issue being discussed may be interpreted as follows: the Third Reich was nothing else than a thoroughly developed project a principal aim of which was final and unalterable depriving countries of continental Europe (primarily Germany) of any claims to a share in control over world markets of resources. This task might be solved by creating on demolitions of Weimar Republic of ideologized regime sufficiently strong to interpose in a war with the USSR, but anticipatorily self-defeating in this campaign. That is why assistance by the allies to the USSR (legal) and at the same time to Germany (illegal) was a means to spin out the armed conflict the Soviet and Nazi regimes, a conflict which would maximally deplete both parties. The economic aspect of this process (notorious super-profits) was secondary in relation to a final result: Germany and its satellites were loosing forever control over mineral resources in Africa and Asia, and USSR after victory would turn into a closed autarchical system participating in relation to markets of resources exclusively in the capacity of a passive seller of raw materials produced on its own territory. In so doing such role played by the USSR was an organic supplement to the discussed project and was achieved by employing a set of actions - from constructing “an iron curtain” up to informal arrangements with some aristocracy representatives. In all speculativity of this hypothesis it explains the fact why corporations which have collaborated with Nazi got off cheap although evidence of their guilt was more than enough. One can also explain that curious circumstance that the USSR within the whole period of its existence failed to make a slightest effect to establish control over mineral resources of those countries where its powerful military presence might have easily secured such control. Although Angola is a most impressive example, but the USSR was not able to exercise control over oil complex in Roumania, a member country of CMEA.
Of course, a content of informal negotiations between superior stocks of contending states is not recorded and, therefore, hard-to- be -explained paradoxes will remain to be such forever. But the fact itself of such contacts may be eloquent enough. By the end of the XIX century āåźą Sessil Rods, a founder of De Beers established “Round Table”, an up-market club, a platform to provide consultations to people possessing financial and political tools making it possible to influence historical processes. Members of this association among other influential gentlemen were Montague Normann, (Manager of the Bank of England), Ernst Oppengamer (De Beers owner), Yalmar Schaht (Minister of Finance of the Third Reich).

For many decades, the gold mining industry of the Soviet Union remained one of the largest in the world holding the well-balanced second place after South Africa in terms of gold output. From 1991, the industry started to decay, when instead of ten large territorial enterprises of Russia there emerged over 600 subsoil using companies mining from their first tens of kilos to 1.5-2.0 tons of metal per year. Naturally, such businesses could neither maintain geological exploration nor gold mining in the country.
Strategically located to the western coast of Southern Africa, Angola is the third largest and one of the most mineral potentially endowed and blessed country in sub-Saharan Africa. Angola said 8.6 million carats were mined by the formal sector in 2007. Endiama (Empresa de Diamantes de Angola) is the national diamond company of Angola founded in 1981 and it is the exclusive concessionary of mining rights in the domain of diamonds. Our agency had a possibility to address a couple of questions to the Head of Department of Strategical Planning and Investments, Tiago Dias.
Avi Paz, President of the Israel Diamond Exchange, was born in 1946 into a family of Belgian diamantaires. In 1971, he started trading in diamonds and became a member of the Israel Diamond Exchange. He is also the owner and general manager of Paz Avi Fancy Ltd, a diamond processing enterprise established in 1977, which was the first company in Israel to produce fancy cut diamonds. Avi Paz turned to be President of the Exchange in 2005. Recently he was elected for the second term. During the recent World Diamond Congress in Shanghai, Avi Paz was elected new President of the World Federation of Diamond Bourses.
The creation of the Namibian Diamond Trading Company (NDTC) is based on a 50x50 partnership between the Government of the Republic of Namibia and De Beers. The agreement, which resulted in the creation of the company, was signed in January 2007 and holds immense possibilities for the country in terms of the economic activity such a venture, is expected to generate. The purpose of the NDTC is to make diamonds available for sale in Namibia for local manufacturing. Shihaleni Ellis Ndjaba is the CEO of Namibian Diamond Trading Company (NDTC). Until January 2008 he was the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Works, Transport and Communication.
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